> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://mintlify.com/openhive-network/wax/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Wax foundation (offline operations)

> Use create_wax_foundation for transaction building and validation without network access

The `create_wax_foundation()` factory function creates an offline interface for Hive blockchain operations. Use this when you need to build, sign, or validate transactions without connecting to a Hive node.

## Factory function

```python theme={null}
def create_wax_foundation(options: WaxOptions | None = None) -> IWaxBaseInterface:
    """Factory function to provide wax base interface functionality."""
```

### Parameters

<ParamField path="options" type="WaxOptions | None">
  Optional configuration. Defaults to mainnet if not provided.

  ```python theme={null}
  class WaxOptions:
      def __init__(self, chain_id: ChainId = DEFAULT_CHAIN_ID) -> None:
          """Constructs WaxOptions.
          
          Args:
              chain_id: chain id used for signing. Defaults to mainnet chain id.
          """
  ```
</ParamField>

### Returns

Returns an `IWaxBaseInterface` instance with offline capabilities.

## Basic usage

```python theme={null}
from wax import create_wax_foundation

# Create with default mainnet configuration
wax = create_wax_foundation()

# Access chain information
print(f"Chain ID: {wax.chain_id}")
print(f"Address prefix: {wax.address_prefix}")
print(f"Config: {wax.config}")
```

## Custom chain configuration

For testnet or custom chains:

```python theme={null}
from wax import create_wax_foundation, WaxOptions

# Testnet configuration
testnet_options = WaxOptions(
    chain_id="18dcf0a285365fc58b71f18b3d3fec954aa0c141c44e4e5cb4cf777b9eab274e"
)
wax = create_wax_foundation(testnet_options)
```

## Core capabilities

### Transaction building

Create transactions with TAPOS (Transaction as Proof of Stake):

```python theme={null}
from datetime import timedelta
from wax.proto.operations import transfer

# Create transaction with TAPOS block reference
tx = wax.create_transaction_with_tapos(
    tapos_block_id="0000c3e7b1ed0697a9c8e7e1d....",
    expiration=timedelta(minutes=1)  # Optional, defaults to 1 minute
)

# Add operations
tx.push_operation(
    transfer(
        from_account="alice",
        to_account="bob",
        amount=wax.hive.satoshis(1000),
        memo="Payment"
    )
)
```

### Transaction from existing data

Load transactions from JSON or Protocol Buffer format:

<Tabs>
  <Tab title="From JSON">
    ```python theme={null}
    from wax.transaction_type_aliases import JsonTransaction

    # API format JSON
    tx_json: JsonTransaction = {
        "ref_block_num": 50215,
        "ref_block_prefix": 2140466769,
        "expiration": "2016-09-15T19:47:33",
        "operations": [
            {
                "type": "vote_operation",
                "value": {
                    "voter": "alice",
                    "author": "bob",
                    "permlink": "my-post",
                    "weight": 10000
                }
            }
        ],
        "extensions": [],
        "signatures": []
    }

    tx = wax.create_transaction_from_json(tx_json)
    ```
  </Tab>

  <Tab title="From protobuf">
    ```python theme={null}
    from wax.proto.transaction import transaction
    from wax.proto.operations import vote

    # Create protobuf transaction
    proto_tx = transaction(
        ref_block_num=50215,
        ref_block_prefix=2140466769,
        expiration="2016-09-15T19:47:33",
        operations=[vote(
            voter="alice",
            author="bob",
            permlink="my-post",
            weight=10000
        )]
    )

    tx = wax.create_transaction_from_proto(proto_tx)
    ```
  </Tab>
</Tabs>

### Asset creation and conversion

Work with HIVE, HBD, and VESTS:

```python theme={null}
# Create assets using different methods
hive_satoshis = wax.hive.satoshis(1000)  # 0.001 HIVE
hive_pretty = wax.hive.pretty("1.234 HIVE")
hive_nai = wax.hive.nai({"amount": "1234", "precision": 3, "nai": "@@000000021"})

hbd_amount = wax.hbd.pretty("5.000 HBD")
vests_amount = wax.vests.satoshis(1000000)

# Convert VESTS to HP (Hive Power)
hp = wax.vests_to_hp(
    vests=vests_amount,
    total_vesting_fund_hive=wax.hive.pretty("200000000.000 HIVE"),
    total_vesting_shares=wax.vests.pretty("400000000.000000 VESTS")
)

# Convert between HBD and HIVE
hive_from_hbd = wax.hbd_to_hive(
    hbd=wax.hbd.pretty("1.000 HBD"),
    base=wax.hbd.pretty("1.000 HBD"),
    quote=wax.hive.pretty("0.250 HIVE")  # Price: 1 HBD = 0.250 HIVE
)

hbd_from_hive = wax.hive_to_hbd(
    hive=wax.hive.pretty("1.000 HIVE"),
    base=wax.hbd.pretty("1.000 HBD"),
    quote=wax.hive.pretty("0.250 HIVE")
)
```

### Cryptographic operations

#### Generate keys

```python theme={null}
# Generate brain key
brain_key_data = wax.suggest_brain_key()
print(f"Brain key: {brain_key_data.brain_key}")
print(f"Private key: {brain_key_data.wif_private_key}")
print(f"Public key: {brain_key_data.associated_public_key}")

# Derive key from password
private_key_data = wax.get_private_key_from_password(
    account="alice",
    role="posting",  # active, owner, posting, memo
    password="master-password-here"
)
print(f"Private key: {private_key_data.wif_private_key}")
print(f"Public key: {private_key_data.associated_public_key}")
```

#### Recover public key from signature

```python theme={null}
# Get public key that created a signature
public_key = wax.get_public_key_from_signature(
    sig_digest="a1b2c3d4...",
    signature="1f2e3d4c..."
)
```

### Account validation

```python theme={null}
# Check if account name is valid
is_valid = wax.is_valid_account_name("alice")
print(f"Valid: {is_valid}")  # True

is_valid = wax.is_valid_account_name("Alice")  # Uppercase not allowed
print(f"Valid: {is_valid}")  # False
```

### Operation analysis

```python theme={null}
from wax.proto.operations import transfer, vote

# Get impacted accounts from operation
transfer_op = transfer(
    from_account="alice",
    to_account="bob",
    amount=wax.hive.satoshis(1000),
    memo=""
)

impacted = wax.get_operation_impacted_accounts(transfer_op)
print(impacted)  # ["alice", "bob"]
```

### Manabar calculations

```python theme={null}
from datetime import datetime

# Calculate current manabar value
manabar = wax.calculate_current_manabar_value(
    head_block_time=datetime.fromisoformat("2024-01-15T10:30:00"),
    max_mana=1000000,
    current_mana=500000,
    last_update_time=1705315800
)

print(f"Current mana: {manabar.current_mana}")
print(f"Max mana: {manabar.max_mana}")
print(f"Percent: {manabar.percent}%")

# Calculate when manabar will be full
full_at = wax.calculate_manabar_full_regeneration_time(
    head_block_time=datetime.fromisoformat("2024-01-15T10:30:00"),
    max_mana=1000000,
    current_mana=500000,
    last_update_time=1705315800
)
print(f"Full at: {full_at}")
```

### Economic calculations

```python theme={null}
from decimal import Decimal

# Calculate account HP
hp = wax.calculate_account_hp(
    vests=wax.vests.pretty("1000000.000000 VESTS"),
    total_vesting_fund_hive=wax.hive.pretty("200000000.000 HIVE"),
    total_vesting_shares=wax.vests.pretty("400000000.000000 VESTS")
)

# Calculate HP APR
apr: Decimal = wax.calculate_hp_apr(
    head_block_num=80000000,
    vesting_reward_percent=15,
    virtual_supply=wax.hive.pretty("500000000.000 HIVE"),
    total_vesting_fund_hive=wax.hive.pretty("200000000.000 HIVE")
)
print(f"HP APR: {apr}%")

# Estimate HBD interest
interest = wax.estimate_hbd_interest(
    account_hbd_seconds=1000000,
    hbd_balance=wax.hbd.pretty("100.000 HBD"),
    last_compounding_date=datetime.fromisoformat("2024-01-01T00:00:00"),
    now=datetime.fromisoformat("2024-01-15T00:00:00"),
    interest_rate=2000  # 20% in basis points
)

# Estimate HIVE collateral for HBD
collateral = wax.estimate_hive_collateral(
    current_median_history_base=wax.hbd.pretty("1.000 HBD"),
    current_median_history_quote=wax.hive.pretty("0.250 HIVE"),
    current_min_history_base=wax.hbd.pretty("1.000 HBD"),
    current_min_history_quote=wax.hive.pretty("0.240 HIVE"),
    hbd_amount_to_get=wax.hbd.pretty("100.000 HBD")
)
```

## Transaction properties

Access transaction information:

```python theme={null}
# Get transaction ID
tx_id = tx.id
print(f"Transaction ID: {tx_id}")

# Get signature digest
sig_digest = tx.sig_digest
print(f"Signature digest: {sig_digest}")

# Check if signed
if tx.is_signed:
    print("Transaction is signed")
    
# Get signature keys
if tx.is_signed:
    keys = tx.signature_keys
    print(f"Signed with: {keys}")

# Get impacted accounts
impacted = tx.impacted_accounts
print(f"Impacted accounts: {impacted}")

# Get required authorities
required = tx.required_authorities
print(f"Posting: {required.posting_accounts}")
print(f"Active: {required.active_accounts}")
print(f"Owner: {required.owner_accounts}")
```

## Transaction validation

```python theme={null}
try:
    tx.validate()
    print("Transaction is valid")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Validation failed: {e}")
```

## Transaction serialization

Convert transactions to various formats:

```python theme={null}
# To JSON string
json_str = tx.to_string()

# To API JSON dict
api_json = tx.to_api_json()

# To API dict
api_dict = tx.to_dict()

# To API string
api_str = tx.to_api()

# To binary (hex)
binary = tx.to_binary_form()
print(f"Serialized: {binary}")
```

## Signing offline

For offline signing, you can manually add signatures:

```python theme={null}
# Add signature manually
signature = "1f2e3d4c5b6a7980..."  # From external signing process
tx.add_signature(signature)
```

## When to use wax foundation

Use `create_wax_foundation()` when you:

* Need to build transactions in an air-gapped environment
* Want to validate transactions without network access
* Are implementing a signing service or hardware wallet
* Need to work with transaction serialization and deserialization
* Want to perform cryptographic operations offline

For full blockchain interaction including API calls and broadcasting, use [`create_hive_chain()`](/python/hive-chain) instead.

## Next steps

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Online operations" icon="globe" href="/python/hive-chain">
    Learn about create\_hive\_chain for full blockchain access
  </Card>

  <Card title="Transaction management" icon="file-lines" href="/python/transactions">
    Deep dive into building and signing transactions
  </Card>
</CardGroup>